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Defining hypnosis as a trance vs. cooperation: hypnotic inductions, suggestibility, and performance
We compared participants' responsiveness to a standard administration of a hypnotic suggestibility scale (CURSS; Spanos, Radtke, Hodgins, Bertrand, Stam, & Moretti, 1983) that defined the ability to experience hypnosis in terms of cooperation (SI; standard induction, N = 27) with a version of the same scale administered with all references to cooperation removed (CR; cooperation removed, N = 34) and with a version of the scale with the "induction" removed (NI; no induction, N = 35). In a fourth condition, participants were informed that the ability to experience hypnosis depended on their ability to achieve an altered state of consciousness or "trance" (AS; altered state, N = 33). Removing instructions for cooperation had an effect on objective (CR < SI) but not on subjective hypnotic responding. Removing the hypnotic induction had no appreciable effect on any dimension of hypnotic responsivity. Consistent with predictions derived from performance standards theory (Lynn & Rhue, 1991), participants who received the altered state set responded to fewer suggestions than did participants who received the standard induction (SI). Estimates of suggestions passed that were assessed before and after test suggestions were administered were, respectively, weakly to moderately correlated with objective and subjective measures of hypnotic suggestibility.
Psychology Department, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
Numerous times that I've heard that public speaking is one of the biggest sources of fear in the Western world. So, in many ways public speaking can be treated right any other fear and anxiety. Nevertheless, unless this fear is merely a part of a larger and more prominent phobia or trauma reaction, it is a rather simple matter to address with hypnosis.
Like with any other fear this one can be addressed to some degree as an unjustifiable defensive reaction to eight misperceived threat. However, one must also consider the role that a person's natural empathetic talent plays.
When...
In general, there are three types of mental health disorders with which I am concerned. The first category, and probably most common, involves disorders related to fears, anxieties, trauma, and phobias. These almost always related to learned patterns. Something happened in their mind and body fell to adapt appropriately. The second category is personality disorders. Again, this involves a person's ability to adapt and adjust to the unknown. A personality is normally considered one's beliefs, values, and behaviors. Together these are reflected as patterns. Once something happens that is...
Any behavior that is repeated often enough becomes a habit. Once a habit become so engrained in your mind and body that normal processes are interfered with, the habit goes to the extreme of becoming an addiction. Unfortunately, in many ways these behaviors become part of your personality. In fact, they become part of your identity. Nevertheless, change is an option – if you have the know-how.
Your actions and thoughts become habits because your brain and body are set up to work with and in patterns. These patterns represent real pathways that connect your neurons in your brain and...